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pygmy peoples
A pygmy is a member of an ethnic group whose average height is unusually short; anthropologists define ''pygmy'' as a member of any group where adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches) tall.〔(Encyclopædia Britannica: Pygmy ). Britannica.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-11.〕 A member of a slightly taller group is termed "pygmoid".〔(Pygmoid (people) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia ). Britannica.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-11.〕
The term is most associated with peoples of Central Africa, such as the Aka, Efé and Mbuti.〔http://www.pygmies.org/#introduction African Pygmies〕 If the term ''pygmy'' is defined as a group's men having an average height below 1.55 meters (5 feet 1 inch), then there are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Andaman Islands,〔(The Semang by George Weber. Chapter 35: The Negrito of Malaysia ).〕 Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Bolivia, and Brazil,〔(Darwin's Children ). The Economist. December 13, 2007〕 including some Negritos of Southeast Asia.
== Etymology ==
(詳細はGreek πυγμαῖος ''pygmaios'' via Latin ''Pygmaei'' (sing. ''Pygmaeus''), derived from πυγμή – meaning a fist, or a measure of length corresponding to the distance between the elbow and knuckles. (See also Greek pechus.) In Greek mythology the word describes a tribe of dwarfs, first described by Homer, the ancient Greek poet, and reputed to live in India and south of modern day Ethiopia.〔(pygmy ). Online Etymology Dictionary.〕
The term ''pygmy'' is sometimes considered pejorative. However, there is no single term to replace it.〔Hewlett, Barry S. "Cultural diversity among African pygmies." In: ''(Cultural Diversity Among Twentieth-Century Foragers )''. Susan Kent, ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1996.〕 Many prefer to be identified by their ethnicity, such as the Aka (Mbenga), Baka, Mbuti, and Twa.〔(Forest peoples in the central African rain forest: focus on the pygmies ).〕 The term ''Bayaka'', the plural form of the Aka/Yaka, is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local pygmies. Likewise, the Kongo word ''Bambenga'' is used in Congo.
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